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Definitions abound in the medical error and patient safety literature, with subtle and not-so-subtle variations in the meanings of important terms. We have tried to adopt the most straightforward terminology, with definitions that enjoy the widest use.


Near Miss:
An event or situation that did not produce patient injury, but only because of chance. This good fortune might reflect robustness of the patient (eg, a patient with penicillin allergy receives penicillin, but has no reaction) or a fortuitous, timely intervention (eg, a nurse happens to realize that a physician wrote an order in the wrong chart). This definition is identical to that for close call.

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